ITP1 compounds
Interventions Testing Program: Effects of various treatments on lifespan and related phenotypes in genetically heterogeneous mice (UM-HET3) (2004-2023)
Miller RA, Strong R, Harrison DE, Rosenthal NA
Studied compounds:
(R/S)-1,3-butanediol: a ketogenic dietary supplement reported to increase survival and attenuate pathological as
well as other age-associated traits and to ameliorate aging phenotypes of the brain and heart.
[Wikipedia article]
17-a-estradiol: an isomer of 17-b-estradiol that has reduced affinity for the estrogen nuclear receptor;
17-a-estradiol was tested to determine if it would recapitulate the protective effects of 17-b-estradiol and increase lifespan.
[Wikipedia article]
17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride: inhibits heat shock protein 90 (HSP90).
2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole: a compound which acts as a multi-site proton acceptor as well as a proton donor, in addition to forming a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond.
3-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (MIF098): is a proinflammatory cytokine (macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF)) antagonist proposed to decrease chronic inflammation and disease.
4-OH-a-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone: is the 4-hydroxy derivative and principal metabolite of a-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), a commonly used free radical spin trap; PBN has reported pharmacologic activities in stroke and cancer.
Acarbose: an anti-diabetes drug that inhibits α-glucosidase, slowing carbohydrate breakdown.
It was anticipated that it might act as a caloric restriction mimetic.
[Wikipedia article]
Aspirin: a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
[Wikipedia article]
b-guanidinopropionic acid: lowers both blood glucose and blood insulin.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester: a compound reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capabilities, as well as specific toxicity to transformed and tumor cells.
[Wikipedia article]
Canagliflozin: an FDA-approved diabetes drug that acts primarily by inhibition of the sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2); can greatly reduce the risk of progression to kidney failure as well as the risk of cardiovascular events.
[Wikipedia article]
Captopril: an FDA-approved angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for treatment of hypertension;
reported to increase lifespan in C. elegans.
[Wikipedia article]
Candesartan cilexetil: an angiotensin-receptor blocker which lowers blood pressure and improves cardiovascular function and insulin sensitivity in obese, hypertensive individuals.
[Wikipedia article]
Curcumin: is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric, sold as an herbal supplement.
[Wikipedia article]
Enalapril: a drug reported to improve hypertension, obesity, diabetes and congestive heart failure in aged humans and rodent models.
[Wikipedia article]
Fish oil: a source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties and are thought
to be protective for cardiovascular disease in some human studies.
[Wikipedia article]
Geranylgeranyl acetone: induces heat shock protein (HSP70) in mammalian tissues; long-lived species, compared with related short-lived species within the same order, have elevated HSP levels.
Glycine: an amino acid; dietary glycine can block methionine toxicity; excess glycine might depress methionine levels and thus mimic some of the benefits of a low methionine diet which has been reported to extend median and maximum lifespan in rats.
[Wikipedia article]
Green tea extract: includes polyphenols extracted from green tea; has anti-oxidant properties where some constituents scavenge reactive oxygen species.
[Wikipedia article]
INT-767 FXR/TGR5 agonist: a bile acid analog which is a dual agonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 which has been shown to affect energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, bile composition/secretion, and inflammation.
Inulin: a source of dietary fiber produced by many types of plants.
[Wikipedia article]
L-Leucine: a branched chain amino acid reported to increase chronological lifespan in yeast and lengthen life in
C. elegans and mice.
[Wikipedia article]
Medium-chain triglyceride oil: a mixture of triglycerides composed of fatty acids with a chain length of 6-10 carbons; reported use for weight control.
[Wikipedia article]
Metformin: an anti-diabetes drug that increases response to insulin in tissues.
[Wikipedia article]
Metformin plus Rapamycin: the combination of metformin and rapamycin tested the hypothesis that addition
of metformin would ameliorate some of the negative effects of rapamycin on glucose metabolism.
Methylene blue: an agent that increases in vitro fibroblast lifespan and increases activity of mitochondria
complex IV; reported to protect against oxidative damage.
[Wikipedia article]
Minocycline: antibiotic in the same class as tetracycline and doxycycline.
MitoQ: small anti-oxidant molecule (also known as Coenzyme Q10) that accumulates in mitochondria in cultured cells and in vivo.
Nicotinamide riboside: precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reported to improve liver function, protect
against diabetic neuropathy, protect against high-fat diet induced obesity, promote oxidative metabolism.
[Wikipedia article]
Nitroflurbiprofen: is a nitric oxide-releasing flurbiprofen derivative and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA): a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory molecule, NDGA was originally
isolated from the creosote bush but is now chemically synthesized.
[Wikipedia article]
Oxaloacetic acid: an intermediary in oxidative metabolism such as gluconeogenesis, urea cycle, glyoxylate cycle,
amino acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and citric acid cycle.
[Wikipedia article]
PB125: a formulation consisting of rosemary extract, ashwagandha extract, and luteolin reported to produce
activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2).
Protandim: a mixture of five botanical extracts designed to activate the Nrf2
(Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcription factor, which mediates responses to oxidative and other forms of stress.
[Wikipedia article]
Rapamycin: represses the mTOR complex, a key nutrient sensing pathway impacting protein synthesis.
[Wikipedia article]
Resveratrol: a natural phenol and phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury; examples are skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries.
[Wikipedia article]
Simvastatin: a lipid-lowering medication.
[Wikipedia article]
Sulindac: an FDA-approved Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) with reported ability to initiate a
preconditioning response that protects against oxidative damage; shown to protect against cardiac and brain
ischemia-reperfusion damage and retinal epithelial cell degeneration.
[Wikipedia article]
Syringaresinol: a component of the ginseng berry reported to extend lifespan of C. elegans and Drosophila; appears
to act through FOXO3/sirtuin dependent mechanisms in C. elegans and inhibition of IGF-1 signaling in mammals.
[Wikipedia article]
TM5441: an inhibitor of PAI-1, the primary inhibitor of tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): Bile acids, including UDCA, are products of cholesterol catabolism that
activate xenobiotic detoxification pathways and are involved in regulatation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism.
[Wikipedia article]
Ursolic acid: present in many plants; reported to decrease d-galactose-induced neurotoxicity in mice; inhibit cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet; increase skeletal muscle mass and function while improving glucose tolerance and reducing obesity.
[Wikipedia article]